Dica 06 - Criando o projeto Django

Importante: remova a \ no meio das tags.

python -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate

# .venv\Scripts\activate  # Windows

pip install django python-decouple django-extensions
pip freeze | grep -E 'Django|python-decouple|django-extensions' >> requirements.txt

Senão digite apenas pip freeze e copie os pacotes manualmente.

Criando o projeto

django-admin startproject backend .

Criando a app core

cd backend
python ../manage.py startapp core
cd ..
tree backend

Editando settings.py

Rode o comando

python contrib/env_gen.py

cat .env

Edite .env

Edite .gitignore


.DS_Store

media/
staticfiles/
.idea
.ipynb_checkpoints/
.vscode
*.cast

Edite settings.py

# settings.py

from pathlib import Path

from decouple import config, Csv


BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = config('SECRET_KEY')

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = config('DEBUG', default=False, cast=bool)

ALLOWED_HOSTS = config('ALLOWED_HOSTS', default=[], cast=Csv())

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    ...
    # apps de terceiros
    'django_extensions',
    # minhas apps
    'backend.core',
]

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'pt-br'

TIME_ZONE = 'America/Sao_Paulo'

USE_THOUSAND_SEPARATOR = True

DECIMAL_SEPARATOR = ','

STATIC_URL = 'static/'
STATIC_ROOT = BASE_DIR.joinpath('staticfiles')

Edite backend/urls.py

# backend/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import include, path

urlpatterns = [
    path('', include('backend.core.urls', namespace='core')),  # noqa E501
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),  # noqa E501
]

Edite core/apps.py

# core/apps.py
from django.apps import AppConfig


class CoreConfig(AppConfig):
    ...
    name = 'backend.core'

Criando a estrutura de templates

Vamos trabalhar com herança de templates.

mkdir -p backend/core/templates/includes
touch backend/core/templates/base.html
touch backend/core/templates/index.html
touch backend/core/templates/includes/menu.html
touch backend/core/templates/includes/footer.html
touch backend/core/templates/includes/pagination.html

# ou

# touch backend/core/templates/includes/{menu,footer,pagination}.html

Edite base.html

<!-- base.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, shrink-to-fit=no">
  <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.djangoproject.com/favicon.ico">
  <title>Django</title>

  <!-- TailwindCSS -->
  <script src="https://cdn.tailwindcss.com"></script>

  <link rel="stylesheet" href="{\% static 'css/style.css' %}">

</head>
<body class="flex flex-col min-h-screen">
  {\% include "includes/menu.html" %}

  <main class="flex-auto">
    {\% block content %}{\% endblock content %}
  </main>

  {\% include "includes/footer.html" %}

  <script src="{\% static 'js/main.js' %}"></script>
</body>
</html>

Edite index.html

<!-- index.html -->
{\% extends "base.html" %}

{\% block content %}
  <h1 class="text-2xl font-bold">Conteúdo</h1>
  <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Vero tenetur repudiandae id animi, labore magni cumque tempore eum culpa esse exercitationem modi est enim sunt in maxime aut quo deleniti!</p>
{\% endblock content %}

Edite menu.html

<!-- menu.html -->
<header class="menu h-16 bg-slate-800 flex justify-center items-center">
  <h1 class="text-2xl font-bold">Menu</h1>
</header>

Edite footer.html

<!-- footer.html -->
<footer class="h-16 bg-slate-800 text-gray-100 flex justify-between items-center px-4 text-lg">
  <h1>Dicas de Django © 2023</h1>
  <h1>by Regis do Python</h1>
</footer>

Edite pagination.html

<!-- pagination.html -->

Criando os arquivos estáticos

mkdir -p backend/core/static/{css,js}
touch backend/core/static/css/style.css
touch backend/core/static/js/main.js

Edite style.css

.menu {
    color: yellow;
}

Edite main.js

// main.js
console.log('Teste')

Rodando migrate

python manage.py migrate

Rodando o projeto

python manage.py runserver

Renderizando a página

Edite core/views.py

# core/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render


def index(request):
    template_name = 'index.html'
    return render(request, template_name)

Edite core/urls.py

# core/urls.py
from django.urls import path
from backend.core import views as v


app_name = 'core'


urlpatterns = [
    path('', v.index, name='index'),  # noqa E501
]

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