Novidades do Django 5.2

git clone https://github.com/rg3915/django52.git
cd django52

python -m venv .venv
source .venv/bin/activate

pip install -r requirements.txt

python contrib/env_gen.py

python manage.py migrate
python manage.py createsuperuser --username="admin" --email=""

Django==5.2
python-decouple==3.8
rich==14.0.0
django-extensions==3.2.3

# apps/settings.py
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'django_extensions',
    'apps.core',
    'apps.school',
]

...

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'pt-br'

TIME_ZONE = 'America/Sao_Paulo'

# apps/urls.py
from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import include, path

from apps.core import views as v


urlpatterns = [
    path('', v.index, name='index'),
    path('school/', include('apps.school.urls', namespace='school')),
    path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
]

# apps/core/views.py
from django.shortcuts import render


def index(request):
    return render(request, 'index.html')

$ python manage.py shell
11 objects imported automatically (use -v 2 for details).

$ python manage.py shell -v 2
11 objects imported automatically:

  from apps.school.models import Attendance, Lesson, Teacher, Student, ClassGroup
  from django.contrib.sessions.models import Session
  from django.contrib.contenttypes.models import ContentType
  from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group, Permission
  from django.contrib.admin.models import LogEntry

from django.db import models


class Release(models.Model):
    pk = models.CompositePrimaryKey("version", "name")
    version = models.IntegerField()
    name = models.CharField(max_length=20)

classDiagram
  class Aluno {
      +int id
      +string nome
  }

  class Professor {
      +int id
      +string nome
  }

  class Turma {
      +int id
      +string nome
      +int ano
  }

  class Aula {
      +int id
      +date data
      +string horario
      +int turma_id
      +int professor_id
  }

  class Presenca {
      +int aluno_id
      +int aula_id
      +date data_presenca
      +bool presente
      +string observacao
  }

  Aluno "1" --> "0..*" Presenca : registra
  Aula "1" --> "0..*" Presenca : possui
  Turma "1" --> "0..*" Aula : contém
  Professor "1" --> "0..*" Aula : ministra
  Aluno "0..*" --> "1" Turma : pertence

  note for Presenca "Chave composta: aluno_id + data_presenca + aula_id"

# apps/school/models.py
from django.db import models
from django.urls import reverse_lazy

# ... (veja o arquivo completo no GitHub)


class Attendance(models.Model):
    pk = models.CompositePrimaryKey('student', 'date_attendance', 'lesson')
    date_attendance = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True, help_text='data da presença')
    student = models.ForeignKey(
        Student,
        on_delete=models.CASCADE,
        related_name='attendances',
        verbose_name="aluno"
    )
    lesson = models.ForeignKey(
        Lesson,
        on_delete=models.CASCADE,
        related_name='attendances',
        verbose_name="aula"
    )
    present = models.BooleanField(
        default=False,
        verbose_name="presente"
    )
    note = models.TextField(
        blank=True,
        verbose_name="observação"
    )

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = "presença"
        verbose_name_plural = "presenças"

    def __str__(self):
        return f"{self.student.name} - {self.lesson} ({'Presente' if self.present else 'Faltou'})"
    # ... (veja o arquivo completo no GitHub)

python manage.py shell -v 2

import random
from datetime import date, timedelta

turma1 = ClassGroup.objects.create(name="5º Ano A", year=2025)
turma2 = ClassGroup.objects.create(name="5º Ano B", year=2025)

prof1 = Teacher.objects.create(name="Regis")
prof2 = Teacher.objects.create(name="Maria Oliveira")

alunos_turma1 = [
    Student.objects.create(name=name, class_group=turma1)
    for name in [
        "Emma Johnson",
        "Liam Smith",
        "Olivia Williams",
        "Noah Brown",
        "Ava Jones"
    ]
]

alunos_turma2 = [
    Student.objects.create(name=name, class_group=turma2)
    for name in [
        "Elijah Miller",
        "Sophia Davis",
        "James Garcia",
        "Isabella Martinez",
        "Benjamin Wilson"
    ]
]

today = date.today()

aulas_turma1 = [
    Lesson.objects.create(
        date=today + timedelta(days=i),
        time="08:00",
        class_group=turma1,
        teacher=prof1
    )
    for i in range(3)
]

aulas_turma2 = [
    Lesson.objects.create(
        date=today + timedelta(days=i),
        time="10:00",
        class_group=turma2,
        teacher=prof2
    )
    for i in range(3)
]

for aula in aulas_turma1:
    for aluno in alunos_turma1:
        Attendance.objects.create(
            student=aluno,
            lesson=aula,
            present=random.choice([True, False]),
            note=""
        )

for aula in aulas_turma2:
    for aluno in alunos_turma2:
        Attendance.objects.create(
            student=aluno,
            lesson=aula,
            present=random.choice([True, False]),
            note=""
        )

from rich import print
from rich.console import Console
from rich.table import Table

console = Console()

attendances = Attendance.objects.select_related("student", "lesson")

# Tabela com resumo
table = Table(title="Registro de Presenças")

table.add_column("Aluno", style="cyan", no_wrap=True)
table.add_column("Data da Aula", style="green")
table.add_column("Hora", style="yellow")
table.add_column("Turma", style="magenta")
table.add_column("Presença", style="bold")

for a in attendances:
    table.add_row(
        f"{a.student.id}. {a.student.name}",
        a.lesson.date.strftime("%d/%m/%Y"),
        a.lesson.time,
        a.lesson.class_group.name,
        "✅ Presente" if a.present else "❌ Faltou"
    )

console.print(table)

                         Registro de Presenças
┏━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━┳━━━━━━━━━━━━━┓
┃ Aluno               ┃ Data da Aula ┃ Hora  ┃ Turma    ┃ Presença    ┃
┡━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━╇━━━━━━━━━━━━━┩
│ 19. Emma Johnson    │ 26/04/2025   │ 08:00 │ 5º Ano A │ ❌ Faltou   │
│ 20. Liam Smith      │ 26/04/2025   │ 08:00 │ 5º Ano A │ ❌ Faltou   │
│ 21. Olivia Williams │ 26/04/2025   │ 08:00 │ 5º Ano A │ ✅ Presente │
│ 22. Noah Brown      │ 26/04/2025   │ 08:00 │ 5º Ano A │ ❌ Faltou   │
│ 23. Ava Jones       │ 26/04/2025   │ 08:00 │ 5º Ano A │ ✅ Presente │
│ ...                 │ ...          │ ...   │ ...      │ ...         │
└─────────────────────┴──────────────┴───────┴──────────┴─────────────┘

from rich.pretty import pprint

for a in attendances:
    pprint(a.to_dict())
    print()

{
│   'pk': (19, datetime.date(2025, 4, 26), 1),
│   'display': 'Emma Johnson - 2025-04-26 - 1',
│   'date_attendance': datetime.date(2025, 4, 26),
│   'student': <Student: Emma Johnson>,
│   'lesson': <Lesson: Aula em 2025-04-26 às 08:00 - 5º Ano A>,
│   'present': False,
│   'note': ''
}

>>> aluno1 = Student.objects.first()
>>> aluno1
<Student: Emma Johnson>
>>> aula1 = Lesson.objects.first()
>>> aula1
<Lesson: Aula em 2025-04-26 às 08:00 - 5º Ano A>
>>> Attendance.objects.create(student=aluno1, lesson=aula1, present=True)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
django.db.utils.IntegrityError: UNIQUE constraint failed: school_attendance.student_id, school_attendance.date_attendance, school_attendance.lesson_id

# apps/school/admin.py
from django.contrib import admin

from .models import Attendance, ClassGroup, Lesson, Student, Teacher

# admin.site.register(Attendance)
admin.site.register(ClassGroup)
admin.site.register(Lesson)
admin.site.register(Student)
admin.site.register(Teacher)

admin.site.register(Attendance)

django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: The model Attendance has a composite primary key, so it cannot be registered with admin.

# apps/school/urls.py
from django.urls import path

from apps.school import views as v

app_name = 'school'


urlpatterns = [
    path('', v.StudentListView.as_view(), name='student_list'),
    path('create', v.StudentCreateView.as_view(), name='student_create'),
]

class StudentForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Student
        fields = ('name', 'class_group', 'color')
        widgets = {
            'color': forms.ColorInput()
        }

class StudentForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Student
        fields = ('name', 'class_group', 'color', 'phone')
        widgets = {
            ...
            'phone': forms.TelInput(),
        }

class SearchForm(forms.Form):
    search = forms.CharField(
        required=False,
        widget=forms.SearchInput()
    )

# apps/school/forms.py
from django import forms

from apps.school.models import Student


class StudentForm(forms.ModelForm):

    class Meta:
        model = Student
        fields = ('name', 'class_group', 'color', 'phone')
        widgets = {
            'color': forms.ColorInput(),
            'phone': forms.TelInput(),
        }


class SearchForm(forms.Form):
    search = forms.CharField(
        required=False,
        widget=forms.SearchInput()
    )

# apps/school/views.py
from django.views.generic import CreateView, ListView

from .forms import SearchForm, StudentForm
from .models import Student


class StudentListView(ListView):
    model = Student

    def get_queryset(self):
        queryset = super().get_queryset()
        self.form = SearchForm(self.request.GET)

        if self.form.is_valid():
            search = self.form.cleaned_data.get('search')
            if search:
                queryset = queryset.filter(name__icontains=search)

        return queryset

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        context = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
        context['form'] = self.form
        return context


class StudentCreateView(CreateView):
    model = Student
    form_class = StudentForm

<!-- apps/core/templates/base.html -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
{% load static %}
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, shrink-to-fit=no">
  <link rel="shortcut icon" href="https://www.djangoproject.com/favicon.ico">
  <title>Django 5.2</title>

  {% block picocss %}
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/@picocss/pico@2/css/pico.min.css" />
  {% endblock picocss %}

  <link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/style.css' %}">
</head>
<body>
  {% block content %}{% endblock content %}

  {% block js %}{% endblock js %}
</body>
</html>

/* apps/core/static/css/style.css */
.ball {
  width: 50px;
  height: 50px;
  border-radius: 50%;
  box-shadow: 0 0 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
  margin: auto;
  /* center inside td */
}

<!-- apps/school/templates/school/student_form.html -->
{% extends "base.html" %}

{% block content %}
  <div class="container">
    <h1>Cadastrar Aluno</h1>

    <form action="" method="POST">
      {% csrf_token %}

      {{ form.as_p }}

      <button type="submit">Salvar</button>
    </form>
  </div>
{% endblock content %}

>>> from django.db.models import F
>>> from django.db.models.functions import JSONArray, Lower
>>> Author.objects.create(name="Margaret Smith", alias="msmith", age=25)
>>> author = Author.objects.annotate(
...     json_array=JSONArray(
...         Lower("name"),
...         "alias",
...         F("age") * 2,
...     )
... ).get()
>>> author.json_array
['margaret smith', 'msmith', 50]

# testapp/templatetags/testapptags.py
from django import template
from django.utils.html import format_html


register = template.Library()


@register.simple_block_tag(takes_context=True)
def msgbox(context, content, level):
    format_kwargs = {
        "level": level.lower(),
        "level_title": level.capitalize(),
        "content": content,
        "open": " open" if level.lower() == "error" else "",
        "site": context.get("site", "My Site"),
    }
    result = """
    <div class="msgbox {level}">
      <details{open}>
        <summary>
          <strong>{level_title}</strong>: Please read for <i>{site}</i>
        </summary>
        <p>
          {content}
        </p>
      </details>
    </div>
    """
    return format_html(result, **format_kwargs)

<!-- testapp/templates/test.html -->
{% extends "base.html" %}

{% load testapptags %}

{% block content %}

  {% msgbox level="error" %}
    Please fix all errors. Further documentation can be found at
    <a href="http://example.com">Docs</a>.
  {% endmsgbox %}

  {% msgbox level="info" %}
    More information at: <a href="http://othersite.com">Other Site</a>/
  {% endmsgbox %}

{% endblock %}

<div class="msgbox error">
  <details open>
    <summary>
      <strong>Error</strong>: Please read for <i>Important Site</i>
    </summary>
    <p>
      Please fix all errors. Further documentation can be found at
      <a href="http://example.com">Docs</a>.
    </p>
  </details>
</div>

<div class="msgbox info">
  <details>
    <summary>
      <strong>Info</strong>: Please read for <i>Important Site</i>
    </summary>
    <p>
      More information at: <a href="http://othersite.com">Other Site</a>
    </p>
  </details>
</div>

python manage.py create_template_tags core -n msgbox_tags
python manage.py create_template_tags core -n card_tags

# apps/core/templatetags/card_tags.py
from django import template
from django.utils.html import format_html


register = template.Library()


@register.simple_block_tag(takes_context=True)
def card(context, content, header, footer):
    format_kwargs = {
        "header": header,
        "content": content,
        "footer": footer,
    }
    result = """
    <article>
      <header>{header}</header>
      {content}
      <footer>{footer}</footer>
    </article>
    """
    return format_html(result, **format_kwargs)

<!-- apps/school/templates/school/student_list.html -->
{% extends "base.html" %}

{% load msgbox_tags %}
{% load card_tags %}

{% block content %}
  <div class="container">
    <h1>Alunos</h1>

    <div class="grid">
      <a role="button" href="{% url 'school:student_create' %}">Cadastrar novo aluno</a>

      <form action="" method="GET">
        {{ form.search }}
      </form>
    </div>

    {% msgbox level="error" %}
      Please fix all errors. Further documentation can be found at
      <a href="http://example.com">Docs</a>.
    {% endmsgbox %}

    {% msgbox level="info" %}
      More information at: <a href="http://othersite.com">Other Site</a>/
    {% endmsgbox %}}

    {% card header="Cabeçalho" footer="Rodapé" %}
      Este é um exemplo de um card feito com simple_block_tag.

      <figure>
        <img
          src="https://picsum.photos/1800/400"
          alt="picsum photos"
        />
      </figure>
    {% endcard %}
    <!-- ... -->